Uses of Nuclear Radiation :: essays research papers

Uses of nuclear radiationSmoke DetectorsSmoke alarms contain a shadowy source made of Americium-241.Alpha particles are emitted from here, which ionise the air, so that the air conducts electricity and a small current flows. If smoke enters the alarm, this absorbs the particles, the current reduces, and the alarm sounds.Thickness cut backIn paper mills, the thickness of the paper posterior be controlled by measuring how much beta radiation passes through the paper to a Geiger restitution. The counter controls the pressure of the rollers to give the correct thickness. With paper, or plastic, or aluminium foil, &61538, rays are used, because &61537, will not go through the paper. We choose a source with a long half-life so that it does not need to be replaced often. SterilisingEven after it has been packaged, da Gamma rays can be used to kill bacteria, mould and insects in food. This process prolongs the shelf-life of the food, but sometimes changes the taste. Gamma rays are also u sed to sterilise hospital equipment, especially plastic syringes that would be damaged if heated. Radioactive geological datingAnimals and plants have a cognize proportion of Carbon-14 (a radioisotope of Carbon) in their tissues. When they die they stop taking Carbon in, then the amount of Carbon-14 goes down at a known rate (Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5700 years). The age of the ancient organic materials can be found by measuring the amount of Carbon-14 that is left. Radioactive TracersThe most third estate tracer is called Technetium-99 and is very safe because it only emits gamma rays and doesnt cause much ionisation. Radioisotopes can be used for medical purposes, such as checking for a plugged kidney. To do this a small amount of Iodine-123 is injected into the patient, after 5 minutes 2 Geiger counters are placed over the kidneys. Also radioisotopes are used in industry, to detect leaking pipes. To do this, a small amount is injected into the pipe. It is then detected wi th a GM counter above ground. Cancer TreatmentBecause Gamma rays can kill living cells, they are used to kill cancer cells without having to resort to difficult surgery. This is called Radiotherapy? and works because cancer cells cant repair themselves when damaged by gamma rays, as healthy cells can.

Essay --

On July 22, 1987, President Ronald Reagan signed the McKinney Homeless tending Act (now known as the McKinney-Vento Homeless assist Act) into law and was later reauthorized by the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001. This act establishes several programs to provide essential services to batch experiencing homelessness, including tweak shelter, transitional housing, job training, primary health care, education, and permanent housing. This policy analysis will focus specifically on deed of conveyance VII-B of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, which authorizes the federal Education of Homeless Children and Youth program, and its attempt to remove barriers to public education faced by homeless children and youth. Nature and Scope of the Issue concord to the National Coalition of the Homeless (2007), families with children are among the fastest growing segments of the homeless population (pg. 1). The Institute for Children and Poverty (2004) estimated that approximately 1.35 million children are likely to feel homelessness over the course of a year in the United States. Homelessness has a devastating impact on all aspects of children and youths lives, including their educational opportunities. abidance requirements, guardianship requirements, delays in transfer of school records, lack of transportation, and lack of immunization records often prevent homeless children from enrolling in school. In 1987, Congress established Title VII-B of the McKinney-Vento Act, the Education of Homeless Children and Youth program (EHCY), in response to reports that only 57% of homeless children were enrolled in school (NCH, 2007).In addition to difficulties with enrolling in school, the proud mobility associated with homelessness also... ...s accessing emergency shelter and transitional housing programs of the course of one year (as cited in NCH, 2009) Meanwhile, 71% of responding cities reported increases in households with children accessing emergency shelter. More than 42% of those accessing emergency shelter are families, and, on average these families remain in emergency shelters for 70 days (as cited in NCH, 2009). Alternative policies that strive to provide more affordable housing options and more preventative support services must be implemented in attempts to prevent the causes of homelessness rather than addressing the symptoms associated with it. Homelessness, including its devastating impact on children and youths educational outcomes, will not end until policy makers and society at large begins to take a deeper look at these structural, root causes of homelessness impacting our society.

Charlie Chaplin :: essays research papers

&9When Charlie Chaplin was a little boy, a sheep escaped on its way to a carnage near where he lived. Charlie and other youngsters chased the sheep around, laughing and having fun. But when it was taken away, Charlie realized the sad finality of death and cried to his mother. That incident paved the way for the paper of Charlies future filmmaking career. Comedy mixed with pathos made perfect sense to him. He was also an everyman character, a lost soul, a wanderer - he embodied the American soul. He could be anyone. Chaplin was born Sir Charles Chaplin after his father on April sixteenth, 1989. His mother, Hannah Chaplin, was often put in mental ho consumptions and his brother Sydney and him were put into childrens workhouses. His father whom he almost never saw died of alcoholism. Charlies childhooCharlie directed and produced it. Its length is six reels, roughly an hour long. The Kid expertly showed Charlies use of pathos in his work, if perhaps too much pathos this time&9The Gold Rush. This 1925 film was a favorite of Chaplins. Charlie plays a lone prospector on a gold seeking quest in the Sierra Nevadas. Seeing shelter, he stumbles into a cabin where the villainous Black Larson lives. Black Larson doesnt corresponding this new guest and tells him to leave, rifle in hand. Charlie tries to leave, but a hilarious wind keeps blowing him back into the cabin. During this escapade in blows another luckier prospector, Big Jim McKay. Jim and Larson fight, and Larson goes off to mystify food for the trio. Meanwhile, the starving Charlie and Jim have the trademark meal of Charlies cooked boot. In this scene, Charlie eats the boot like it were a fine meal at a fine restaurant, twirling the laces around a fork like spaghetti. Later on they bid farewell, and Charlie finds a town with a love interest of his, Georgia. He invites her to a New Years Eve dinner, which she doesnt come to. At the dinner, we see Charlie dozed off at the table, and he dreams that the Georgia c ame. Here is another trademark scene, the spring of the dinner rolls. Charlie spears two dinner rolls with his fork, and bowing his head down over them, he makes them dance and twirl. Big Jim shows up at the town now, and sees Charlie, telling him if he they find Black Larsons cabin, they will find gold and be rich.

The Difficulty of Teaching English :: Teaching Education

The Difficulty of Teaching EnglishI decided to become a teacher because I thought that I could do it better then my teachers did. I quickly learned that belief isnt as easy as I thought it would be. Dr. Proser quickly learned that program line English would be as easy as he thought it may have been. He may be a better teacher then his were, many CHS students would agree, but also found out that why it was so hard to teach English. There are many reasons why teaching English is difficult. First and major reason is the constant changing, and in the altogether words that are being brought into the language. While many of these words that are being are classified as slang, these words may become more and more common. In addition, many of the forms of languages that were used in the writing that students read are no agelong used. Also, the change in styles of writing which have occurred make it hard for any student to completely understand what each writer is trying to say.Thousands of new words are brought into the English language each year. Just a few examples are dude, chic, cool, homes, and tubular. cuss was brought into by many of the hippies of the sixtys. Dude has many means, a person who someone is referring to can be taken into contexts as awesome. When many people refer to a chic, they are no longer talking about a baby chicken, but a female who is found somewhat attractive. This word also becomes very popular during the sixties. Homes and tubular is likely the most recent of slang words. Homes is mostly used by gang-bangers and blacks of the southern area. When people say homes they are referring to one of their male friends. Not just a friend, but a male friend who would fight for the person. Tubular is just a new word for awesome or cool. It means really saintlike (high quality of awesome) or awesome. In addition, words are used with a different context then before. Many new words are created this in America. The words sweet and exquisite have taken some of the largest changes in context of words. Sweet no longer means have a cole taste or pleasing to the senses. If one was to ask a teenage what sweet meant to them, they would probably tell really nice or awesome. The word fine has also completely change in context.

the study of aerodynamics and gravity Essay -- essays research papers

My topic for the science f breed is Which move objects fall the fastest? . some factors affect the speed of aeromechanics such as the different forces on the object. The aerodynamics of the object and the natural philosophy surrounding the object. Great scientists have studied falling objects such as Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton. I will discuss their lives, trys and scientific findings.Aerodynamics is the study of force on an object. It has been called the science of flight. Aerodynamics consists of two Greek words. Aerios operator concerning the air , while dynamis means powerful . The wind duct is the basic experimental tool in the studies of dynamics. The three main forces used in aerodynamics be the lifting force, the disembowel force, and the weight force. Aerodynamics is technically the science that was used to develop flying machines, such as helicopters, airplanes, jets, and rockets. Aerodynamics principles are primarily concerning flight. However, aerody namics principles are used in designing automobiles and train bodies. Since aerodynamics likewise studies gases in the air, aerodynamics help determine frictional events in gas ducts and it also helps chart the flows of the pollutants in the air. It has been found that people have been interested in aerodynamics for thousands of years. Aerodynamics not only involves the motion of the object(s), but also the answer of air to the object. When aerodynamics has plenty of rolling components, you then will see friction. Friction is a force that resists the relative motion or tendency to such motion of two bodies in contact. Physics is the study of matter and energy and their reactions. The word physics comes from four main languages. Although strange, these four languages all pronounce physics the same way or they are very close. These four languages are Old French, Greek, Latin, and Middle English. Middle English is the English language from 1100 to 1500. Isaac Newton was the somebody who experimented with many areas of physics, but it was Galileo Galilei who discovered that all items fall at the same speed without air. Newton discovered that forces do not pay back motion they cause acceleration. Newton also discovered that a force is not needed to keep an object in motion. Newton conducted several experiments. His most famous experiment happened in his backyard. He was sitting under an apple tree re... ... car will not hit a terminal velocity. Thus, it will hit the desktop first. But, there is only air resistance inside of atmospheres. In plain space, there is no air resistance. If you jumped, you would float up, up, and away. People spend their lives trying to render out more(prenominal) about air and air resistance. There was tons of stuff on Google, trust me These people found out that the thickness of the air changes the amount of air resistance there is. Drag force, which is the force that tries to drag you up, is weaker than gravity. The drag force pl ays a crucial role in all speed-related sports. The drag force is the most important factor in swimming. The drag force affects vertical motion too. The drag force affects skydivers with parachutes. The wind fills the parachutes and slows the skydivers down.In conclusion, there are many types of forces that are used in free falling such as, air resistance, gravity, terminal velocity, the drag force, and other frictional forces. There is so practically information on free falling and I have barely made a dent in it. If you would like to find out more information about air resistance, free falling, or any other forces, just check my bibliography.

the study of aerodynamics and gravity Essay -- essays research papers

My topic for the science f air out is Which falling objects fall the fastest? . Many factors affect the fixture of aerodynamics such as the different forces on the object. The aerodynamics of the object and the physics surrounding the object. Great scientists have studied falling objects such as Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton. I will discuss their lives, experiments and scientific findings.Aerodynamics is the study of force on an object. It has been called the science of flight. Aerodynamics consists of twain Greek words. Aerios means concerning the air , composition dynamis means powerful . The wind duct is the basic experimental tool in the studies of dynamics. The three main forces employ in aerodynamics argon the lifting force, the sail force, and the weight force. Aerodynamics is technically the science that was used to develop flying machines, such as helicopters, airplanes, jets, and rockets. Aerodynamics principles are primarily concerning flight. However, aero dynamics principles are used in designing automobiles and train bodies. Since aerodynamics similarly studies gases in the air, aerodynamics help determine frictional events in gas ducts and it also helps chart the flows of the pollutants in the air. It has been found that people have been interested in aerodynamics for thousands of years. Aerodynamics not scarce involves the motion of the object(s), still also the reaction of air to the object. When aerodynamics has plenty of rolling components, you then will see friction. Friction is a force that resists the relative motion or tendency to such motion of two bodies in contact. Physics is the study of matter and energy and their reactions. The word physics comes from four main languages. Although strange, these four languages all pronounce physics the same musical mode or they are very close. These four languages are Old French, Greek, Latin, and Middle English. Middle English is the English language from 1100 to 1500. Isaac Newt on was the person who experimented with many areas of physics, but it was Galileo Galilei who discovered that all items fall at the same speed without air. Newton discovered that forces do not cause motion they cause acceleration. Newton also discovered that a force is not needed to keep an object in motion. Newton conducted several experiments. His just some famous experiment happened in his backyard. He was sitting under an apple tree re... ... car will not hit a terminal velocity. Thus, it will hit the ground first. But, there is only air resistance inside of atmospheres. In plain space, there is no air resistance. If you jumped, you would float up, up, and away. People spend their lives trying to figure out more about air and air resistance. There was tons of stuff on Google, trust me These people found out that the thickness of the air changes the amount of air resistance there is. Drag force, which is the force that tries to drag you up, is weaker than gravity. The drag fo rce plays a crucial role in all speed-related sports. The drag force is the most important factor in swimming. The drag force affects vertical motion too. The drag force affects skydivers with parachutes. The wind fills the parachutes and slows the skydivers down.In conclusion, there are many types of forces that are used in free falling such as, air resistance, gravity, terminal velocity, the drag force, and other frictional forces. There is so much information on free falling and I have barely made a dent in it. If you would like to find out more information about air resistance, free falling, or any other forces, just check my bibliography.

Philippine Literature Essay

I. Pre-Colonial Period Consisted of early Filipino publications passed down spokenly oral pieces have a communal authorship it was difficult to trace the original author of the piece since oral literature did not focus on ownership or copyright, alternatively on the act of storytelling itself Many oral pieces became lost in the wave of the new literary influence brought rise-nigh by the Spanish closure however, fit to the Philippine publicationsA History & Anthology, English Edition (Lumbera, B.& Lumbera C. ), the pre-colonial period of Philippine literature is considered the longest in the rurals history Literature in this period is based on tradition, reflecting daily life activities such as housework, farming, fishing, hunting, and taking care of the children as well Oral pieces told stories which explained heroes and their adventures they attempted to explain certain natural phenomena, and, at the same time, served as entertainment purposes Pre-colonial literature s howed certain elements that linked the Filipino culture to other Southeast Asian countries (e. g. oral pieces which were performed through a tribal dance have certain similarities to the Malay dance) This period in Philippine literature history represented the ethos of the people earlier the arrival of a huge cultural influence literature as a cultural tradition, than a form of art that had a particular repair of decorum. Early Forms of Philippine Literatureo Bugtong (riddles a bugtong contains a metaphor called,Talinghaga), Salawikain (proverb) o Pre-colonial poetry Tanaga (expresses a view or a value of the world), Ambahan (songs about childhood, human relationships, hospitality sung by the Mangyan), Duplo (verbal jousts/games), Bayok (thoughts about love), Balagtasan (performed on stage) o Epic poetry romantic heroes and heroines that are a reflection of the world as perceived by the early Filipinos. Notable Works of the Pre-colonial Period o Tuwaang, Lam-ang, Hinilawod, BantuganII. Spanish Colonial Period (Mid-16th late 19th century) The Spanish culture, as reflected in the works of this literature period, showed a clash with the pre-colonial Filipino literature in the beginning. However, due to the length of stay of the colonizers, the Spanish culture was eventually imbued in the Filipino literature of the period Religion became an important theme that had influenced the early Filipino writings which had the presence of paganism Christian Folk-Tale In addition, the influence of religion, besides on the daily life of the natives, was lead by the friar/missionary/parish priest who were appointed by the Spanish brass Despite the goal of the Spanish government to turn the country into a full-fledged European colony, the Spanish influence ironically inspired a reformation from the natives, which eventually turned into a regeneration Yet regardless of the conflicts that plagued the relationship between the Spaniards and the Filipinos, a sense of nationalism was formed among the oppressed, and had caused them to rise up to a nationalistic cause The essay literary genre was recognized amidst the scene of editorial protest Jose Rizal and Plaridel (Marcelo H. Del Pilar) were among those who opt in using the pen in voicing out the peoples cry instead of the sword Introduction of the roman alphabet that gradually replaced the alibata The Filipino literature of this period became the predecessor of many more literary works to come in the ages, wherein the theme of nationalism and freedom of speech would be evident. Philippine Literature and Art during the Spanish Periodo Pasyon and Sinakulo (religious dramas performed during the Holy Week) o Narrative Poems Awit Corrido o Komedya a theatrical performance which captured the ideal European lifestyle as portrayed by medieval characters Notable Works of the Spanish Period o Doctrina Christiana (1593) the inaugural book ever published in the Philippines printed by the Domini can Press o May Bagyo Mat May Rilim according to literary historian, Bienvenido Lumbera, is the first printed literary work in Tagalog o Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong P.Natin na Tola (1704) eventually referred to as Pasyon, was written by Gaspar Aquino de Belen an example of Christian kin epic in which the passion of Jesus Christ was written in relation with the plight of the Filipino people who were oppressed by the colonizers, as well as the values of a Filipinoo Ninay (1885) first Filipino novel written Pedro Paterno o Florante at Laura Francisco Balagtas Baltazar though there are symbols and themes which arrange the protest of the Filipino against the Spanish regime, it is uncertain as to whether or not Balagtas had intended the issue which was subtly derived from his work since he left no notes or additional piecesthat may affirm the conclusiono Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) Jose Rizal works which created an impact on the national conscio usness and love for ones country against the abusive government of the Spaniards o La Solidaridad Propagandist newspaper. III. American Colonial Period (Late 19th Mid-20th century) The gradual decline of the Philippine literature written in Spanish The English language eventually became the medium of writing and instruction in schools As the Spanish colonizers left the country in accordance with the treaty of Paris, the spirit of nationalism and the desire to be acknowledged of independence did not disappear nevertheless yet. Instead, these uniting forces geared into revolting against the new colonizers During the American colonization period, Philippine literature reflected the ethos of its people under a new role.However, these day-to-day experiences under a new foreign influence, as well as sentiments, were show through the English language The Spanish sarsuwela was eventually replaced by the drama One major influence of the American occupation on the Filipino literatur e is its refining in the context of the content and the form. Furthermore, because of this broadened knowledge on the field of literature through the education provided by the American government, Philippine literature has bring about more than a tradition formed by culture.It has become an art which succeeding poets, fictionists, and playwrights continue to build upon and enrich in every generation descent with Rizals use of social realism as one of the majorthemes for his two major novels, the literature during the American colonization also became an involvement, not just reflecting the Filipino experience a strengthened sense of nationalism deeply rooted in the Filipino pride and culture Unlike in the Spanish colonization period wherein female writers (e. g. Gregoria de Jesus) were overshadowed by their more dominant, male contemporaries as a result of the education only being provided to a selected and favour few during the American occupation, women have had their oppor tunity to enhance their talent by being educated on the craft. In addition, the growing popularity of works written by Filipina writers is the result of the growing audience appreciating literature by females. Philippine Literature and Art during the American Period o Short Story o rime in English o Free Verse in Poetry o Drama Notable Works of the American Period o Mga Agos sa Disyerto (1964) Efren R. Abueg, Edgardo M. Reyes, Eduardo Bautista Reyes, Rogelio L. Ordonez and Rogelio R. Sikat this minuscule story anthology brought fiction into the age of modernism o Ako ang Daigdig (1940) Alejandro G. Abadilla free verse poem o Sa Dakong Silangan Jose Corazon de Jesus a poem written in the jargoon http//lourdesbraceros. weebly. com/a-brief-history-of-philippine-literature-in-english. html

The British Judiciary is Both Independent and Impartial

The Judiciary of the United Kingdom is non a single body. Each of the separate legal systems in England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland has their birth tribunal. The British Judiciary plays a vital part in British Politics. This is unblemished as the juridical system is signifi empennagetly responsible for a sight of political roles. The senior terrace help interpret the meaning of law and directly enforce the rule of law. Similarly they also decl are and interpret vulgar law in addition to reviewing executive decision.Essentially the judicature thrives as a noteworthy system that has been rooted in British history for numerous years. It substantiates to be an efficient system that functions smoothly. So much so that opposite countries have been influenced to directly copy the system in Britain, some countries are still changing and evolving their current systems to meet the needs of their societies. The British judicature is widely regarded as one of the best an d around individual systems in the world.However the question pondered recently is how independent and neutral is the British judiciary? An independent judiciary is Significant as it results in a justice system that is not influenced by either the legislative or executive branch. Moreover it is free to make decisions based upon law and not upon the pressure forced from other groups. The quote It is vitally important in a democracy that individual judges and the judiciary as a whole are impartial and independent of all external pressures and of each other (Baroness Butler-SlossMay 2012) visibly condenses this.Fortunately many argue that the British Judiciary is in essence the most independent of all systems in the world. This is evident due to many reasons. One of which is the constitutional reform act (CRA). The act ensures British Judicial independence as it removes the title of speaker of the House of Lords and also head of the judiciary of England and wales from the office of t he Lord Chancellor. This took place when concerns aroused that a member of the judiciary who was also a member of one of the other two branches could not be suitably impartial.Before the CRA was passed, the House of Lords formed some a manpowerdments retaining the office of the Lord Chancellor, but significantly reducing his role in judicial af bazars. This is not only important in the context of Britain but also the European convention of human rights, something the Judicial is responsible for enforcing so that all have the right to a fair trial. At the same time it can also be disputed that the British Judiciary is impartial, this is subsequently because of the broken relationship from the government.The British judiciary is not influenced by politicians as the judicial system is profoundly independent. Fundamentally the judiciary decides matters before the government on the foundation of facts in accordance with the law. Without any restrictions, improper influences inducements , pressures threats or interferences direct or indirect from any sector or for any reason. It is highly prominent that the British judiciary contains an element of faithfulness as it allows the system to be neutral in the affairs in allocates itself with.There are no study personal biases when administering justice and as a result the pursuit rules under the law are delight ined Equality, no one exceeds the law and most importantly everyone is entitled to a fair trial. Ultimately the British judiciary is some(prenominal) impartial and independent, both play vital roles in holding each other securely in place, the absence of judicial independence threatens judicial neutrality and in the same way without impartiality, independence cannot be guaranteed.Moreover, I agree that the British Judiciary is independent as it is assured by the country and is enshrined in the constitution or the law of Britain. It is essentially the duty of all governmental and various institutions to resp ect and observe the independence of the judiciary, this is due to the fact that the judiciary has superior jurisdiction over all issues of a judicial nature and has exclusive authority to decide where an issue submitted for its decision is within its competence as defined by law .In addition to this the British judiciary is independent because the judiciary cannot successfully support a government act as it would most likely backfire. This is because it would be upgraded to a European court ruling that takes precedence over a British court decision in essence the judiciary is free from liability. However it can be argued that the British judiciary is not both impartial and independent. The concept of neutrality can be portrayed as weak due to the understanding that the Judiciary does not include a prodigious deal of Female judges.With the insight that only 23% of the Judges are women it becomes unavoidable that there is gender discrimination within the system. Another factor concern ing the lack of independence and impartiality is the issue surrounding judicial appointments. It can be argued that there is lack of separation of powers relating to the appointments as the Lord Chancellor still man eons a magnitude of power. This illustrates how his influence in the appointment can be inequitable as it deprives the ideology behind neutral and independent nomination.Essentially judicial appointments were made by the Lord chancellor and monarch however in the modern age the judiciary cannot run as effectively if it fulfilled its old system and it must appear more transparent to aid the Judiciary with distinctive impartiality and independence. Similarly to this its profoundly comprehendible that despite the Judicial Appointments Commission (JAC) statistics exclaim that most of the senior judges are white middle class men with attainment of education from Oxbridge This ultimately elucidates a separation of powers and goes against the promise of more diverse judiciary m ade by the JAC.From the information I have gather I can gain the understanding that the British Judiciary is both impartial and independent as it is engraved in the constitution that the government has to respect the independence of the judiciary, similarly the most prominent factor elucidating this is that there is no major link between politics and the judiciary hence the judiciary can guarantee equal justice to all, judges and juries are free from influence and can make fair and honest decisions about cases subsequently creating a out-of-the-way(prenominal) more efficient system that works for the nation as a whole.Ultimately decisions can be reached without fear of retaliation of other groups or special interests. patronage the fact that the judiciary abstains its imperfections that deprive it of complete independence and neutrality, such as the factor consisting of lack of separation of powers and influence within the political system, there is major transmogrification that s uggests the judicial system is becoming more transparent.The JAC announced that 8% of the people recommended for judicial jobs last year were black or Asian and correspondingly 156 sunrise(prenominal) women were chosen for appointment under the new system. The British judiciary ultimately proves to be an efficient and momentous system that works, it does so by being both impartial and independent.

The Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Health And Social Care Essay

In the ongoing scenario, a 64-year-old female affected role has suffered from Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) and she seemed to demo no betterment despite her current discourse for 6 months. RA is a chronic redness disease and harmonizing to the study of National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ( priggish February 2009 ) RA affects 10000 concourse each twelvemonth in the UK population. RA is characterised by swelling and painful articulations, usually symmetrical and frequently meetinging diarthrodial articulations of custodies and pess Firestein GS. , 2003 . Although RA normally attacks articulations, it can besides impact otherwise variety meats such as bosom, lung and eyes. The exact pathogenesis of the disease let off remains to be discovered. How ever, autoimmunity activities are believed to be to play a major character in the development of the disease. The unnatural release of unhealthy featureors such as interleukins ( IL ) and tissue mortification fac tor ( TNF ) by the peripheral subversive cells such as CD4+ T cells, B cells and macrophages are involved in the patterned advance of RA which leads to inflammatory reaction at the synovial liquid ( SF ) and synovial tissues ( ST ) that line the joint and resulted in joint devastation Agarwal et al. , 2005 . When the redness progresses into far flesh, portion of the synovial membrane which envelops the SF will develop into pannus which is an inflammatory tissues that farther assail the joint and gristle and may take to joint merger by let go ofing destructive enzymes such as collagenase. Harmonizing to Scots extramural Guidelines Ne twork ( SIGN 48 ) guidelines, RA is normally diagnosed by recovering patient role s medical history and scrutiny on elevated compass point of inflammatory discoverers such as non-specific erythrocyte deposit rate ( ESR ) , C-re combat-ready protein ( CRP ) and a more specific arthritic factor, which is an auto-antibody nowadayss in 80 % of RA p atients Firestein GS. , 2003 .The incidence of RA may non be seen each bit serious as other diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and malignant neoplastic disease which record a higher morbidity and mortality rate, but nonpareil time the disease progresses, it can give a great impact on patient s day-after-day life. It accounts for 0.8 % of entire planetary Year Lived with Disability ( YLD ) , which is the 31st prima cause of YLD globally Symmons et al. , 2006 . As a chronic redness disease, RA causes lasting joint harm if it is non treated suitably every bit shortly as possible and a long-time medicine is required to decelerate mountain the patterned advance of the disease. The joint harm starts at the early phase of disease and worsens increasingly resulted in troubles in patients day-to-day work. A simple day-to-day undertaking such as opening a bottle or walking across the room can ensue in great pain in the ass for RA patients. Some patients might even necessitate to discontinue or alter their current occupation repayable to sore articulations. Epidemiology be showed that RA is associated with decreased life anticipation and increased mortality Anthony et al. , 2003 . As RA develops, the disease finally invades the bone around the joint and may take to osteoporosis due to inflammatory activities. Furthermore, RA intervention utilizing adrenal cortical steroid besides increases the hazard of osteoporosis due to depletion of Ca and increase loss of bone mass Kelman et al. , 2005 . in any event that, merely like other redness diseases, RA patients can confront anemic jobs where red blood cells production is inhibited during redness.After the significationance of early intervention of DMARDs has been recognised, the old intervention pyramid employ in RA which started off with diagnostic intervention utilizing anodynes such as NSAIDs has been reviewed. The intervention pyramid describes the workout of anodynes in the early phase of d isease to alleviate hurting and merely starts DMARDs when the disease develops into more advanced phase where NSAIDs can no longer command the hurting and redness. However, several surveies ca-ca shown that protection of articulation from harm utilizing DMARDs should be started every bit shortly as possible to supply better patients forecast and continue patient serviceable ability Egmose et al. , 1995 van der Heide et al. , 1996 . Therefore both NICE and SIGN guidelines suggest the early usage of DMARDs to command and detain RA symptoms after diagnosing of RA is confirmed.There is no definite intervention for RA as patients may react otherwise to the assortment picks of RA pharmacological therapy. Normally RA patients would be started with the most normally used DMARDs and reviewed invariably for drugs effectiveness until symptoms are well- meshled by the DMARDs therapy. Further change in the intervention needs to be do if no satisfactory response is achieved. As in this ins tance wad, the female patient has failed to react to six-month intervention of sulfasalazine, which is one of the commonly used DMARDs in commanding RA. thereof an excerpt should be sought every bit shortly as possible to forestall major joint devastation.TreatmentHarmonizing to NICE guidelines 2009, it is stated that if RA patient does non react to the first DMARDs intervention, the dosage of the drug should be reviewed and focused to supply an effectual and suited dosage for the patient before a 2nd plectrum of DMARDs is sought. In the current scenario, the patient had failed to react to six-month therapy of sodium lauryl sulfate, it is assumed that the dosage of sodium lauryl sulphate had been adjusted to the possible maximal bound but still demo no benefit in the patient. Thus, farther intervention would be focused on seeking for an alternate DMARDs.DMARDs are drugs from different categories that are grouped together due to their similarity in decelerating down the patterne d advance of RA and understating joint devastation caused by RA besides commanding the symptoms. The normally used DMARDs allow in sulfasalazine ( sodium lauryl sulphate ) , amethopterin ( MTX ) , meretricious, Cuprimine, anti-malarial, azathioprine, leflunomide and cyclosporine. SLS and MTX are most preferable in clinical pattern due to their favourable toxicity profiles although intramuscular gold and Cuprimine had shown similar effectivity in handling RA Aletaha et al. , 2003 Felson et al. , 1990 Capell et al. , 1993 . MTX and SLS were considered to be safer at usage as it was shown that there was no important dissimilarity in the incidence of side-effects reported between high and low dose intervention of the drugs Aletaha et al. , 2003 . Since the patient has failed to react to SLS, MTX would normally be the following option in head. However, there is a pick to do whether to utilize MTX in combining with SLS or replace SLS with MTX as monotherapy. DMARDs combination ha s been recommended in NICE guidelines for early RA intervention, but more clinical groundss need to be sought for the usage of combination in established RA, which is pictured in the current scenario as the patient has been suffered from RA for more than 6 months and immune to SLS therapy.Three surveies were found to compare the usage of MTX monotherapy and dual-therapy with SLS in patients unresponsive to SLS. Among the three, two were randomised controlled tests ( RCT ) while one was non-randomised experimental test Haagsma et al. , 1994 Capell et al. , 2007 Schipper et al. , 2009 The first RCT was carried out in 1994 which merely included a little figure of patients ( n=40 ) based on a single-observer method over 24 hebdomads while a longer continuance ( & gt 18 months ) of double-blind placebo-controlled survey with a larger survey group ( n=165 ) was adopted in the 2nd RCT in 2007. Despite the difference in the survey features, both RCTs concluded that MTX-SLS double thera py had a greater efficaciousness in commanding symptoms over MTX monotherapy in SLS-resistant patients without important addition in toxicity. However, although the 2nd RCT had shown important clinical benefits for combination therapy compared to the usage of monotherapy, no important advantage was seen in radiological results or functional disablement. The 3rd survey was a recent test published in 2009 investigated 230 patients who were immune to SLS intervention utilizing the similar intervention magnitude as the old surveies to measure the drug efficaciousness. This test was carried out for more than 15 old ages and concluded that that both options provided similar consequence. The disagreement was believed to be caused by the deficiency of control group in the ulterior test which might lend to biased consequences and inconsistent usage of other drugs such as corticoids in different tests which might misdirect the reading of drug efficaciousness.Besides efficaciousness and toxici ty, cost of intervention is the following of import factor to be considered in taking the right intervention for the patient. However, really few surveies were done comparing the cost-effectiveness of different DMARDs because RA is non every bit reign as other major diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and it does non normally result in immediate decease. The more recent cost-effectiveness analysis on DMARDs was done in Thailand from the social point of position where the costs included a direct cost and indirect cost Osiri et al. , 2007 . In order to enable numeral comparing, the cost-effectiveness of the therapies was measured utilizing the Incremental Cost-effectiveness Ratio ( ICER ) which is the entire cost in US dollar needed to accomplish one unit of ( HAQ ) Health Assessment Questionnaire, which comprised of 20 inquiries on patients self-report functional and disablement position. The ICER of each intervention was compared against the anti-malarial monotherapy as an ti-malarial was recognised as the cheapest and least efficacious DMARDs available. Comparing among the sum of 152 RA patients, it was found that MTX and SLS therapy recorded a three times lower ICER compared to MTX monotherapy, which explained that the double therapy was less dearly-won and more effectual compared to the monotherapy ( US $ 625 versus US $ 2061 per one unit of HAQ mark ) . However, this survey was non specifically directed to SLS-resistant patients. Therefore, merely a comparative comparing can be made on the cost for the current scenario.The following option of intervention for the current patient is the usage of three-base hit therapy which uses MTX, SLS and an anti-malarial. It was shown in a biennial, prospective randomised test on 180 patients that the ternary therapy had precondition a better curative efficaciousness over the dual- ( MTX and SLS or MTX and anti-malarial ) and MTX monotherapy irrespective of the drugs habituated in the early RA intervention C alguneri et al. , 1999 . Again, the incidence of indecent effects did non increase significantly with the addition in figure of drugs. The enhanced benefit by adding an anti-malarial agent to MTX intervention had further strengthened the grounds shown antecedently by a long-run followup survey on patients who were treated with ternary therapy. It was shown in the old survey that patients who had failed to react to at least one DMARD and treated with ternary therapy had shown continued betterment with minimum toxicity after 3 old ages compared to MTX monotherapy and SLS-hydroxychloroquine therapy ODell et al. , 1999 . Addition of anti-malarial agent to MTX had been shown to execute better than MTX-SLS combination, which proposed an implicit in interactive action mechanism of anti-malarial and MTX when they are used together likely due to heighten MTX bioavailability by anti-malarial ODell et al. , 2002 Carmichael et al. , 2002 . In footings of the intervention cost, based on the same cost-effectiveness survey mentioned above, ternary therapy recorded a lower ICER ( US $ 1222 per one unit of HAQ mark ) than MTX monotherapy, but about twice every bit high as the ICER of MTX-SLS therapy.Other than utilizing the traditional DMARDs, the freshly developed biological anti-rheumatic drugs are besides being studied for SLS immune patients. Since RA involves a great deal out of cytokines activities, specific cytokines blockers have been investigated to stamp down or modify the redness procedure. The most normally used biological agents include infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab which target the tissue mortification factor, TNF-I , which is one of the chief cytokines released by macrophage that farther induces the release of other cytokines which are responsible for the redness. NICE guidelines emphasized that TNF-I inhibitors can merely be used when the patient has failed to react to intervention of at least two DMARDs including amethopterin. However, Combe e t Al. had tried a different attack where Enbrel has been used and investigated in patients specifically having SLS intervention but still have ailment of active RA without affecting MTX Combe et al. , 2006 . It was found that etanercept monotherapy or in combination with SLS had given better betterment in American College of Rheumatology ( ACR ) standards compared to patients treated with SLS entirely. There was no important difference in the efficaciousness in the etanercept monotherapy and combination group. However, there was a significantly higher incidence rate of side-effects such as c oncern, sickness and astheny in the combination group while a higher hazard of infections and injection side reactions were recorded in patients with etanercept entirely. Besides that, as a biological drug, TNF-I inhibitors can non get away the fact of doing serious inauspicious effects such as malignance, demyelination and increased susceptibleness to infections like TB Nahar et al. , 2003 . However when the ratio of efficaciousness over toxicity is concerned, a meta-analysis showed that TNF inhibitors have a higher ratio than gold and sulfasalazine Ravindran et al. , 2008 . Again, when cost is concerned, etanercept intervention, as expected is much expensive compared to DMARDs, where the cost was shown to be more than twice higher than the most expensive DMARD available, cyclosporin Jobanputra et al. , 2002 .TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONComparing the four options available, MTX monotherapy, MTX-SLS dual-therapy, ternary therapy and etanercept therapy, MTX-SLS dual-therapy seems to be the best intervention for the current patient as it is supported by groundss for its lower cost with comparable efficaciousness in SLS immune patients. It might non be the most effectual intervention compared to treble therapy, but it is ever advisable to understate the figure of drugs used in a patient to forestall unneeded inauspicious effects or drug interactions. However, there is sti ll possibility that the patient may still be unresponsive to the dual-therapy as there is no definite warrant on the action of the therapy on every RA patient and the possibility of developing immune to MTX. Thus, the National Clinical Guidelines recommends monthly reappraisal of CRP ( C-Reactive Protein ) , an inflammatory marker and other cardinal constituents of disease activity such as DAS 28 ( Disease Activity Score based on 28 articulations ) until the disease is controlled by the given intervention to a degree antecedently discussed and agreed by the patients. If there is still no satisfactory respond, farther change in the therapy needs to be done such as sing the ternary therapy or etanercept therapy.Besides giving the slow-acting disease modifying drugs, SIGN 48 guidelines suggest the usage of intra-articular injection of corticoids to give fast diagnostic alleviation before the oncoming of the new DMARDs therapy. Oral corticoids are non preferred to be used as a long-run intervention as it can do serious inauspicious consequence on bone mass and GI systems and it merely shows benefit in the early intervention of active RA Saag et al. , 1995 Kirwan et al. , 1995 If injection is non possible, so low dosage of unwritten corticoid is used in a shortest continuance possible Laan et al. , 1995 .For the diagnostic hurting control on top of DMARDs, mentioning to SIGN 48 guidelines, whenever possible, simple anodynes such as paracetamol are preferred over NSAIDs due to set up side-effects peculiarly GI annoyance. If simple anodynes are non powerful plenty to alleviate the hurting, a low dose NSAIDs such as isobutylphenyl propionic acid or more selective coxswain ( Cox-2 ) inhibitors such as etoricoxib can be prescribed for the shortest continuance possible. When NSAIDs or Cox-2 inhibitors have to be used, coincident usage of GI preventive medicine such as proton-pump inhibitors should be considered for aged and patients with history of GI ulcerations. Both NICE and SIGN guidelines recommend that dosage of NSAIDs should be reviewed and reduced once patients show equal response to DMARDs.In drumhead, the patient should be continued with SLS, at the same clip, added with MTX as the combined DMARDs therapy. In add-on, intra-articular or short-course unwritten corticoid should be commenced as a span therapy before the oncoming of action of the new DMARDs therapy. For diagnostic control, if paracetamol is non equal to relief hurting, NSAIDs such as diclofenac together with a proton pump inhibitor such as Prilosec can be used unless it is contraindicated in the patient, so a Cox-2 inhibitor such as etoricoxib should be used. Besides that, patient would be put on a monthly monitoring to reexamine the effectivity of the new therapy.

Mine Essay

The following are the lists of groups who are classified as cult. The group are split up into 2 groups namely, the Local and the Foreign Cults LOCAL CULTS Local Cults otherwise known as indigenous cults. This refers to the cults of deliverymanianity that are home grown (in the Philippines. They may have equal doctrines with the major cults but managed to formulate their own style of unsound theology. Examples are as follows * Iglesia ni Cristo(I. N. C. ) Felix Y. Manalo. Jesus Miracle Crusade International Ministries Wilde Almeda. * Jesus the Name to a higher place Every Name Apollo Quiboloy. * pentecostal Missionary Church of Christ (Fourth Watch) Arsenio Ferriol. * Members Church of God International (Ang Dating Daan) Eli Soriano. * Shepherds Message Joey Guerrero. * Jesus Christ To God Be the Glory or Friends Again (Oneness) Louie R. Santos. * Philippine Benevolent Missionary Association (P. B. M. A. ) Ruben Ecleo * Tres Persona Solo Dios * Ako Nga Casiano Nazaire FORE IGN CULTSThis refers to the cults of Christianity that came from outside the Philippine Islands and was brought here by their emissaries to spread their false teachings. Examples are as follows 1. Alamo Christian Foundation 2. Anthroposophical Society 3. Astara 4. Children of God 5. Christadelphianism 6. Christian Family Fellowship 7. Christian Identity exertion 8. Christian Science 9. Church of Armageddon 10. Divine Light Mission 11. Eckankar 12. Est 13. Foundation of Human Understanding (Roy Masters) 14. Jehovahs Witnesses 15. Krishna 16.Life Spring 17. Mormonism 18. Oneness Pentecostal 19. Rosicrucianism 20. Scientology 21. Self Realization Fellowship 22. Silva Mind Control 23. Swedenborgianism 24. The Farm 25. The Unification Church 26. The Way International 27. Theosophy 28. Two by Twos 29. Transcendental Meditation 30. Unitarian Universalist 31. Unity School of Christianity 32. Urantia 33. Wicca The Kingdom depart start small, but dont despise small things, for it will soon infect and affect the whole world. And behold, this is happening today. Pastor Apollo C. Quiboloy

Electoral college Essay

Whos voting for the president? Not you. We live in a society where your ballot doesnt directly count during a presidential election. This is due to an antiquated system called the electoral college. The electoral college (EC) was founded in 1787. The founding fathers set up the system so that the president is chosen indirectly. This was done so that popular passion, wouldnt factor in as frequently. Basically they didnt want presidential campaigns to become rigorously advertisement campaigns. (third party times) But there atomic number 18 a few serious flaws in the electoral college that need to be dealt with. For example, the well known antiauthoritarian motto one man, one choose, (which means every vote counts) doesnt apply to presidential elections because of the EC. The electoral college makes it possible for a candidate who wins the popular vote of the people to lose the presidency. (electoral college) This has happened exactly 3 times in the past. Once in 1876, and once in 1888, and most recently during the 2000 elections. President Bush alienated the popular vote to candidate Al Gore by over 500,000 votes. Bush still won the presidency because Flo unfreezea (a key state in elections) had a last minute change in the electoral votes. This threw the entire state into a republican vote. On two other occasions (1800 and 1824), the House of Representatives 2 picked the president when nobody won an electoral-college majority.Thomas Jefferson once described this circumstance as the most dangerous blot on our Constitution. (electoral college) Lawrence P. Longley and Neal R. Pierce, two experts on the electoral college and Harvard teachers, agree wholeheartedly with Jeffersons statement. They know full well the weaknesses of the EC. They did some calculations to illustrate this point further. Californians have over two times as much voting power as do people in Montana because of the population differences. Even worse than that is, if even a few votes change in some key states it can change the whole outcome of an election. e.g. the 2000 Florida elections.There have been 22 razor close elections in our history one of which was the 1960 lavation between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixonif 8,971 votes in Illinois and Missouri had switched from Kennedy to Nixon that year, the result would have been an electoral college deadlock. (electoral college) Longley and Peirce argue that its only a matter of time before it breaks run through completely. The President of the United reads is elected indirectly by the electoral college an archaic and quirky system that threatens every four years to overturn popular will. (electoral college) To pourboire it all off, the people we choose to vote for the president arent even required to keep their signs. In 24 states and the district of Columbia, electors are 3 non bound by any state law or regulation that they vote for the states popular vote winner. (civic values) For example in 1988 an elector pledged to Michael Dukakis changed his pledge to Lloyd Bentsen.Also it happened in 1976 when an elector pledged to Gerald Ford voted for Ronald Reagan instead. These are just a few of the instances involving unfaithful electors a term used for electors who change their pledge. The motion is what do we do about these problems? The answer is simple, we change the EC. (civic values) There are three basic plans for changing the way the EC works. The first is called the proportional method. This specific option hasnt been researched as much as the others. Basically if a candidate satisfys 58 percent of the popular vote then they also receive 58 percent of the electoral vote. This reflects popular will and lets the electors keep their jobs. The problem with this method is that it would require support from every state. (election reform) The second is the plan to abolish the electoral college completely. This is a very simple plan which is becoming increasingly popular. If you were to eliminate the EC it would better reflect the popular vote, get rid of the possibility of faithless electors, and it might increase voter turnout. (election reform) In order to get rid of the EC entirely you would need two thirds of the house of Representatives and the Senate and 38 states to agree that it unavoidably to be changed. 4 and though abolishing the EC is fast becoming a popular idea (especially since the 2000 elections) there is still non enough support for the idea. The acrimonious reality is that there probably will never be enough support.This is because the very people whos jobs depend on the existence of the electoral college are the ones making a substantial amount of the decision whether or not to keep it. (civic values) Luckily theres a solution. Instead of getting rid of the electoral college just alter it a little bit. The third plan is called the District Method. This could be a good option, because instead of having the entire state send packing towards o ne political party for the electoral vote, now a state could be divided into smaller parts . This would better represent the popular vote and therefore the people. Another reason that the District Method may work is that you dont need a constitutional amendment. Even if only a few states adopted this method it would be effective. Also its a good compromise . The electoral college is still in play, so supporters of it wouldnt protest. In addition the people would have more of a say in who their president is .And thats what really matters. (election reform) Now you can see that the popular vote, which our kingdom was founded on as a democracy , can be thwarted to fit the whims of the electoral college. Our basic rights of choosing the people who govern us do not apply in the case of presidential elections which are the most important elections. This cannot stand. When our forefathers wrote the constitution, the United States was much 5 smaller and the people were better represented b ecause they were in smaller groups. That isnt the case today. Things have changed and we as a society must change with the times. If not, any self appointed dictator could pay or persuade him or herself into power with potentially detrimental results. Make your vote count. Petition to change the electoral college. 6Work Cited PageElectoral College. blade News Product reviews. 11/9/2003. Harvard Electoral College Experts. Dec. 2000 http//www.webdesk.com/electoral-college/ Third Party Times. The Electoral College System. 1992, League of Womens Voters of California Education fund. http//www.ksg.harvard.edu./case/3pt/electoral.html Electionreform.org. 2001. Election Reform. http//www.electionreform.org.ERMain/priorities/ec/reform.htm Civic-Values State Lawmakers Mull Electoral College. Nov.2000. http//civic.net/civic-values.archive/200011/msg00181.html

History project- religious development in India during medieval ages Essay

With the coming of the Mughals in India and the Turkish rule, there were creationy developments and changes in the Indian culture and religion. The Sultans of Delhi and Mughal tolerated contrary religions, especi eithery Hinduism, though they were followers of Islam. This lead to the beggining of indo-islamic culture. Since dawn of history, India has been the cradle of religious developments. In the early medival period, two parrelel movements in Hinduism and Islam representing the Bhakti and Sufi movements emerged in India.The Indo-Islamic strands have been twine into the texture of India by intertwining Bhakti and Sufi traditions. Bhakti movement The Bhakti movement is a Hindu religious movement in which the main ghostlike practice is loving devotion towards Shiva or Vishnu. Bhakti movement is also closely related to Sufism of Islam which rose in the same time period and both advocated love of God as the easiest way to slay God. The Bhakti movement originated in ancient Tamil Nadu. The Nayanmars and the Alvars played a major role in the Bhakti movement.The Bhakti movement co-existed peacefully with the other movements in Hinduism. It was initially considered unorthodox, as it rebelled against caste distinctions and disregarded Brahmanic rituals, which according to Bhakti saints were not necessary for salvation. In the course of time, however, owing to its immense popularity among the masses it became orthodox and continues to be virtuoso of the most important modes of religious expression in modern India. The world Bhakti means devotion to God. The Bhakti movement had its origin in the Bhagavadgita and the Upanishads.The Bhaktas of God did not look at in any sort of caste distinctions. They advocated love and devotion to God and discarded all sorts of rituals and ceremonies. They preached unmatchableness of God and that all religions were but roads leadership to the same goal. Chief Principles of Bhakti Movement The chief principles of the Bhakti mo vement were as follows 1. It is Bhakti or devotion to God alone that can help man attain salvation. 2. It is important to follow a true guru for realizing God. 3. All men be equal and no one is superior or inferior. 4. Caste distinctions, rituals, fasts, etc., are useless and lead to nowhere. 5. All men should be tolerant. Effects of the Bhakti Movement The Bhakti movement had far-reaching effects on the concourse. Firstly, it helped a lot in removing the existing icterus between the Hindus and the Muslims. Both became more tolerant towards each other. Secondly, the Bhaktas exposed the hollowness of empty rituals and ceremonies and taught the people to give up evils like belief in superstitions etc. This movement delta a blow to the superiority of the Brahmins, for it propagated the equality of all men. This also helped in checking conversions.Thirdly, the Bhakti reformers preached in the common langu while of the people, which gave rise to the vernacular languages such as Benga li in the east, Gujarati and Marathi in the west and Punjabi in the north. Important Bhakti Reformers Ramanuja Ramanuja was one of the earliest reformers. His teachings were based on the Upanishads and Bhagwad Gita. he had taught in the language of the common man. shortly a large number of people became his followers. Ramananda was his disciple. Ramananda Ramananda was the first reformer to preach in Hindi, the main language spoken by the people of the North.He was meliorate at Benaras. He preached that there is nothing high or low. He was an ardent worshipper of Rama. He considered God as a loving father. He lived in the 14th century A. D. Kabir Kabir was an ardent disciple of Ramananda. He wanted unity between the Hindus and the Muslims. He preached that both the Hindus and the Muslims are the children of a single God. He had no faith in idol worship, religious rituals and ceremonies. The devotees of Kabir were known as Kabir Panthis. Chaitanya Chaitanya, a great devotee of Lord Krishna, was a saint from Bengal.From his very childhood, he had showed great interest in education and studied Sanskrit. He wed the lady friend of a Saintly person. Later at the age of 24, he renounced the economic life and became a sanyasin. His followers regarded him as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. He helped the old and the needy. He was opposed to the inequalities of the caste system. He emphasised the need for tolerance, mankind and love. He spread the message of Bhakti in Bengal. He popularised Sankritanor public singing of Gods name. He was addressed Mahaprabhu by his followers.Meera Bai Meerabai was a Rajput princess. She married the Rana of Mewar. She was a pious devotee of Lord Krishna. Her songs or hymns are even today sung all over India. Her palace was kept commit to people of all castes to join her Bhajans of Lord Krishna. She had lived for the most part of her life in Mathura, the bring forth place of Krishna and Vrindaban. There is a temple dedicated to Meerabai in Chittor, the capital of Mewar. Sufi movement Sufism was a reform movement within Islam which applies greater stress on free thinking, liberal ideas and toleration.The Sufis believed in the equality of all tender beings and brotherhood mankind. The Sufi movement started in Persia. Some of the Sufi saints also came to India. They began to preach their liberal ideas and to remove the gulf between the Hindus and the Muslims and join them together. The countersign Sufi has been taken from the Arabic word Suf which means wool. The movement may have been given the name Sufism because of the course wool garments they wore as a put of their rejection of worldly things. Sufis have traditionally taken vows of poverty and celibacy.Sufism developed religious practices focusing on strict self-control that enable both psychological and secret insights as well as a loss of self, with the ultimate goal of mystical union with God. The Sufi movement consists of fraternal orders in whic h leaders claim and assist disciples in the mastery of Sufisms philosophical principles and ritual practices. Such rituals and practices include writing and reciting poetry and hymns some of the most famous and beautiful belles-lettres of the Islamic world has been written by Sufis.Sufis engage in a variety of ritual practices intended to help them realize union with God, such as distinct forms of ritual prayer including the recitation of Gods names, as well as bodily rituals such as those practices by the so-called twirl Dervishes, a Turkish Sufi order that practices meditation and contemplation of God through spinning. Teaching of Sufism 1. There is one God, the Eternal, the Only Being none else exists just He. 2. There is totally one Master, the Guiding Spirit of all souls, who constantly leads his followers towards the light. 3.There is one Holy Book, the sacred manuscript of nature the only scripture, which can enlighten the reader. 4. There is one Religion, the unswerving progress in the right direction towards the ideal, which fulfills the lifes purpose of all soul. 5. There is one Law, the Law of reciprocity, which can be observed by a selfless conscience together with a sense of awakened justice. 6. There is one Brotherhood, the human brotherhood, which unites the children of earth indiscriminately in the fatherhood of God. 7. There is one Moral Principle, the love which springs forth from self-denial, and blooms in deeds of beneficence.8. There is one Object of Praise, the beauty which uplifts the heart of its worshipper through all aspects from the seen to the Unseen. 9. There is one Truth, the true knowledge of our being within and without, which is the essence of all wisdom. 10. There is one Path, the disintegration of the false ego in the real, which raises the mortal to immortality and in which resides all perfection. The Sufi Movement there is no priesthood in the ordinary sense, the priesthood is only to conduct the emolument and to an swer the need of a priest which always exists in our everyday life.Those ordained in the Sufi Movement are called Sirajs and Cherags. There is no distinction between women and men. The worthy soul is ordained this gives an example to the world that in all places in the church, in the school, in parliament, in court it is woman and man together who make evolution complete. But at the same time every Sufi is a priest, a preacher, a teacher, and a pupil of every soul that he meets in the world. The Sufi prayers such as Saum and Salat are not man-made prayers. They have descended from above, just as in every period of spiritual reconstruction prayers were given.And there is every power and blessing in them, especially for those who believe. Sikhism Guru Nanak is the founder of the religion of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. His birth is celebrated world-wide on Kartik Puranmashi, the full-moon day which falls on different dates each year in the month of Katak, October- November. Guru Nanak travelled to places far and wide teaching people the message of one God who dwells in every one of Gods creations and constitutes the eternal Truth. He setup a unique spiritual, social, and political chopine based on equality, fraternity love, goodness,and virtue. Nanak was born on 15 April 1469, now celebrated as Guru Nanak Gurpurab. Today, his birthplace is marked by Gurdwara Janam Asthan. His parents were Kalyan Chand Das Bedi and Mata Tripta. His father was a patwari (accountant) for crop revenue in the village of Talwandi, employed by a Muslim landlord of that area, Rai Bular Bhatti. He had one sister, Bibi Nanaki, who was five years older than him and became a spiritual figure in her own right. Nanak also found work with Daulat Khan, when he was around 16 years old.On 24 September 1487 Nanak married Mata Sulakkhani, daughter of Mul Chand and Chando Ra? i, in the town of Batala. The couple had two sons, Sri Chand and Lakhmi Chand. Inspite of his married lif e, he spent most of his time in the company of holy men. At the age of 29, he left his home to spread the message of faith far and wide. Sikh teaching emphasizes the principle of equality of all humans and rejects discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, and gender. Sikh principles encourage living life as a householder Sikh Religion and Worship 1)A Sikh believes in, and worships only one God.2)A Sikh regards the succession of ten gurus, and the written word of the Guru Granth, a channel through which divine light manifests as salvation. 3)Sikhs worship in the gurdwara, congregating with spiritual companions, and communing with God, by singing divine hymns selected from the Guru Granth. 4)Sikhs perform ardas, a formal prayer, and read from Guru Granth before embarking on important endeavors. 5)The uniqueness of Sikhism is upheld without any derogatory attitude towards others, or slander of others faith. . A brief of the next 9 Gurus http//www. sarabsanjhigurbani. com/ten-guru. a sp

Peter Pan Generation Is Growing Up

Paola Lagunas Spindler English 101 Essay 3 November 2 0, 2012 The Peter Pan Generation is Growing Up There argon no longer any attempts in library wonderlands in literature today, kids are forced toexperiencehard reality at a much younger age. Maria Tartar author of No More Adventures In Wonderland asserts the evolution of pincerrens and young adult villains in stories. Peter Pan, the lost boy, who never grew up, is whizz of her examples, giving Captain Cook a childish effect, J. M.Barrie (author of Peter Pan), orders the child the security that the good guys win the battle between the silly andplayfuladventure stories. Alice in Wonderland, a book about a girl losing herself down a rabbit hole and then battling the red queen,and her card soldiers, also give this novel a secure and childish effect. Tartar believes authors have helped villains evolve from whimsically devilish to brutal and dark. The children books, intended before for a fun magazine are now becoming suspenseful s it down novels. According to Tartar, authors have crossed.Creating a perverse twist on such(prenominal) stories as Clifford the regretful red dog, The Graveyard book, a picture book about a serial killer hand who holds a knife and kills his four family member is a perfect example of authors new twist on entertainment. annoy Potter, a national best seller, is about a childs parents dying at the start of the story, the protagonist fighting death, and loosing family and friends until the end where a well planned murder with the entire character base give a grand last(a) to this seven book series. However, Tartar gives the prize of absolute horrific monsters to Suzanne Collins, author of The crave Games.Collins has turned the child instruction the book into the villain. Katniss Everdeen (protagonist) fights against 12-18 course old children, in a brutal battle for living. Opening her commentators eyes into seeing childrensexposureto books about death, and stories about despair a nd devastation, Tartar declares that books are evolving to tight for the chilren of today, with this, tartar proves how the Peter Pan generation is growing up. The villains in childrens books are changing they are evolving, becoming more complex, growing, but, the children too are acquire older. Once bedtime characters, villains are now becoming nightmare enhancers.Children that at the age of 4 were reading Alice in Wonderland, Peter Pan, and Cinderella are now the 16 course of study olds reading Hunger Games. The stories now being published differentiate from the previous stories but the readers do too. Providing that four year olds are still reading classics such as Peter Pan young adults expand their interest togood but devastatingstories. The main priming why these stories are reaching suchexposureis due to advertisement. Althought Tartar assures the stories for children are growing up, the reader has also fledged, and the aurhots have started to developed a more consumin g story.Using logos, Tartar points to thedilemmaof the expanding children story and it serves as slate for her readers minds. This will help her prove the evolution of the story. If any one person compares Alice in Wonderland to The Hunger Games, the evolution of the narratives about loss, suffering, and redemption the reader will be persuaded into Tartars point of view. Once Tartar sets up the juxtaposition for these two movies, she is able to effectively point out the release between the stories, however, she takes a different approach and traces the origins of the books to issues with the authors.In past times, Tartar explains, there was such a thing as Authors Sunday afternoons, authors enjoyed a nice picnic, took their revere Bernard for a walk and breathed in pure air and ideas. Authors are a now more complex. J. K Rowling, author of best seller Harry Potter, writing her first book under candle, and coffee shop light because she had no way to pay for electricity in her apart ment, she experianced poverty. Suzanne Collins, as a child had anxieties about the possibility of her fathers death as a Vietnam veteran, was able to use this to her advantage in books about death.Authors have clearly evolved with their stories, and expanded their relationship to many more readers. This new diversityof authors is allowing them to write deeper stories with darker backgrounds and meanings for matured readers. Even though Tartar points out the complexity of the authors and stories, she fails to point out that these some(prenominal) lead to the maturing of the children. Capturing a balance of danger and enchantment, the stories of Peter Pan and Alice in Wonderland provide theaudiencewith an idea for the possibilities of adventure quest in childhood.The traditional villains terrify the readers, but their juvenile antics strip them from any real authority. Books such as these are written for children under the age of twelve because of the foolish way the characters fa ce evil. Books such as the hunger games are written for teenagers, knowing this helps the author write appropriate topics of more complex aspects. However, Tartar has a fault in her argument by comparing a bedtime story to a story such as The Hunger Games. When an author compares two stories, one being The Hunger Games and one being Alice in wonderland, the author has one point there is a difference.There is of course a difference, an evil wich who only dresses in red and stark and hearts is no comparison to a child aspiring to manage the kiling of 23 children in order to obtain glory. Almost as different as the villains are, so are the protagonist, a young girl falling into a rabit hole to apear in a world in which she deals with silly magic tricks, is definetly not the equivalent as a young girl coming from poverty going into an arena to try to survive natural disasters, and run away from 23 people who are out to kill her.This is where the fault in Tartars argument it, she manag es to point the difference, but fails to admit that 4 year olds are not reading The Hunger Games, just like 16 year olds are not reading Alice in Wonderland. Part of why the authors are crossing over into more evolved stories is because the childrens and young adult category dominate the Best sellers charts. These devastating stories about depresion, war and death are being asked for not just by children, but adults too are picking up the copies. Helping a story achieve bettersuccessin the charts, the books attract a broader audience.The reason why Suzanne Collins and J. K Rowling talk so freely about death compared to J. M. Barrie is because these books are directed towards different audiences. Audiencesthatclearlyask for this type of story, ifthesestories werent beingsuccessfulwith all ages, they would not have been sosuccessfullysold after beingpublished. These books are helping a the young adult genre, they are a perfect conection of safe and suspense, they connect the topics fo r childre and adults. It is important to realize that they are different books, by different authors, that are intended for different audiences.Todaysauthors did not withdraw about targeting the same audience that Peter Pan was written for because it is absurd to believe that these books are intended for the same age, but they are intended however, the same reader. The reader of Peter pan, is now the reader of The Hunger games because the 10 years difference between the publishing of the two is also a 10 year difference in the reader. This time period of difference allows the authors to publish books about death,depressionand horrible traumas because it is becoming more socially acceptable by matured readers.

Supply Chain Drivers

Logistics Drivers Facilities These are physical locations where merchandise is stored, assembled or manufactured. Two major types of facilities are growthion sites and remembering sites. Decisions regarding the role, location, capacity, and flexibility of facilities have a significant impact on the supply ranges instruction execution. Facilities relate metrics hold capacity, utilisation, cycle time of production, cycle time, flow time efficiency, product variety, processing/frame-up/down/idle time, fair(a) production batch size, and production service level.Inventory This includes all unprocessed material, unprocessed materials being processed and completed merchandise. Change in inventory policies can alter the supply range performance. For instance, a stationery shop can be responsive by stocking large amounts of stationery and revenge customer demand from stock. However, a large inventory increases equals, rendering it less efficient. Stock reduction would stick it mor e efficient but less responsive.Inventory related metrics include average inventory, products with more than a specified number of days of inventory, average replenishment batch size, average safety inventory, seasonal inventory, take aim rate, and fraction of time out of stock. Transportation Transportation involves moving inventory from one supply chain location to another. Transportation can take form with different combination of modes and routes, each with its own performance characteristic.Transportation related metrics include average inbound and outgoing transportation cost, average incoming and outbound shipment size, average inbound and outbound transportation cost per shipment and fraction transported by mode. ? Cross-Functional drivers reading This consists of data and analysis concerning all other drivers, that is, facilities, inventory, transportation, pricing and customers.It is arguably the biggest supply chain driver as it directly affects each of the other drive rs. Timely and accurate information pull up stakes enhance coordination and better close making. Information related metrics include forecast horizon, frequency of update, forecast error, seasonal factors, variance from plan, and proportionality of demand variability to order variability. SourcingSourcing involves choosing partners to perform a particular supply chain activity such(prenominal) as production, transportation, storage, or management of information. This decision variable establishes functions that a company whitethorn undertake and those that it may outsource. Sourcing related metrics include days payable outstanding, average purchase date, range of purchase price, average purchase quantity, fraction on-time deliveries, supply quality, and supply lead time.Pricing Pricing determines the amount a company will charge for goods and services offers in the supply chain. Pricing affects the behaviour of the customer buying a product or accessing a service, thus affecting supply chain performance. Pricing related metrics include profit margin , days sales outstanding, incremental fixed cost per order, incremental variable cost per unit, average sale price, average order size, range of sale price, and range of periodic sales.

The Twilight Saga 3: Eclipse Chapter 8. TEMPER

WE ENDED UP ON THE BEACH AGAIN, WANDERING AIMlessly. Jacob was still full of himself for engineering my escape.Do you take theyll come looking for you? he asked, sounding hopeful.No. I was certain ab away that. Theyre loss to be furious with me tonight, though.He picked up a rock and chucked it into the waves. Dont go screen, then, he suggested again.Charlie would love that, I state sarcastic all in ally.I bet he wouldnt mind.I didnt answer. Jacob was probably respectable, and that frantice me grind my teeth to totalher. Charlies sibilant preference for my Quileute friends was so unfair. I wondered if he would feel the same if he knew the excerpt was rattling mingled with vampires and werewolves.So whats the latest pack s stomachdal? I asked softly.Jacob skidded to a halt, and he stared checkmate at me with shock eye.What? That was a joke.Oh. He looked a behavior.I waited for him to start paseo again, solely he bring downmed lost in thought.Is thither a s stopdal? I won dered.Jacob chuckled once. I forget what its give tutorship, non having e actually unitary live on everything all the time. Having a quiet, cliquish place inside my head.We walked along the stony beach quietly for a fewer minutes.So what is it? I finally asked. That every unity in your head already knows?He hesitated for a moment, as if he werent sure how a good deal he was termination to divide me. Then he sighed and said, Quil imprinted. Thats three now. The rest of us are commencement to get worried. perhaps its much common than the stories say. . . . He frowned, and then turned to stare at me. He gazed into my look without speaking, his eyebrows furrowed in denseness.What are you staring at? I asked, feeling self-conscious.He sighed. Nothing.Jacob started walking again. Without analyseming to view about it, he reached out and likewisek my hand. We paced silently across the rocks.I thought of how we essential look walking hand and hand down the beach akin a co uple, certainly and wondered if I should object. merely this was the way it had always been with Jacob. . . . No reason to get worked up about it now.Why is Quils work such a scandal? I asked when it didnt look like he was going to go on. Is it because hes the newest virtuoso?That doesnt cast off anything to do with it.Then whats the problem?Its another genius of those legend things. I wonder when were going to stop being surprised that theyre all true? he muttered to himself.Are you going to tell me? Or do I bind to imagine?Youd never get it right. See, Quil hasnt been hanging out with us, you know, until beneficial recently. So hehadnt been somewhat Emilys place much.Quil imprinted on Emily, too? I gasped.No I told you not to guess. Emily had her deuce nieces down for a visit . . . and Quil met Claire.He didnt continue. I thought about that for a moment.Emily doesnt compliments her niece with a werewolf? Thats a little hypocritical, I said.But I could belowstand why she of all battalion might feel that way. I thought again of the long scars that marred her face and extended all the way down her right arm. Sam had lost control just once when he was stand up too close to her. Once was all it took. . . . Id seen the pain in Sams eyes when he looked at what hed do to Emily. I could understand why Emily might want to protect her niece from that.Would you please stop guessing? Youre way off. Emily doesnt mind that part, its just, well, a little early.What do you mean early?Jacob appraised me with narrowed eyes. Try not to be judgmental, okay?I nodded cautiously.Claire is two, Jacob told me.Rain started to fall. I blinked furiously as the drops pelted my face.Jacob waited in hush up. He wore no jacket, as usual the rain left a spatter of darkness spots on his black T-shirt, and dripped through his shaggy hair. His face was expressionless as he watched mine.Quil . . . imprinted . . . with a two-year-old? I was finally able to ask.It happens. Jacob s hrugged. He bent to grab another rock and sent it flying out into the bay. Or so the stories say.But shes a baby, I protested.He looked at me with dark amusement. Quils not getting any older, he reminded me, a bit of acid in his tone. Hell just pay to be patient for a few decades.I . . . dont know what to say.I was assay my hardest not to be critical, but, in truth, I was horrified. Until now, nothing about the werewolves had bothitherd me since the day Id found out they werent committing the murders Id suspected them of.Youre making judgments, he accused. I can see it on your face.Sorry, I muttered. But it sounds really creepy.Its not like that youve got it all do by, Jacob defended his friend, all at once vehement. Ive seen what its like, through his eyes. Theres nothing sentimentalist about it at all, not for Quil, not now. He took a deep breath, frustrated. Its so hard to describe. Its not like love at primary sight, really. Its more like . . . gravity moves. When you se e her, sharply its not the earth holding you here anymore. She does. And nothing matters more than her. And you would do anything for her, be anything for her. . . . You become whatever she ask you to be, whether thats a protector, or a l everyplace, or a friend, or a brother.Quil pass on be the best, kindest self-aggrandizing brother any kid ever had. There isnt a toddler on the planet that bequeath be more carefully looked after than that little girl will be. And then, when shes older and needs a friend, hell be more understanding, trust worth(predicate)y, and reliable than anyone else she knows. And then, when shes grown up, theyll be as happy as Emily and Sam. A strange, blistering edge sharpened his tone at the very end, when he spoke of Sam.Doesnt Claire get a choice here?Of course. But why wouldnt she choose him, in the end? Hell be her perfect match. Like he was designed for her alone.We walked in silence for a moment, till I paused to toss a rock toward the ocean. It overleap to the beach sev eonl meters short. Jacob laughed at me.We cant all be freakishly strong, I muttered.He sighed.When do you sound off it will happen for you? I asked quietly.His answer was flat and immediate. Never.Its not something you can control, is it?He was silent for a few minutes. Unconsciously, we both walked slower, barely moving at all.Its not supposed to be, he admitted. But you support to see her the one thats supposedly meant for you.And you think that if you havent seen her yet, then shes not out on that point? I asked skeptically. Jacob, you havent really seen much of the world less than me, veritable(a).No, I havent, he said in a low voice. He looked at my face with perfectly piercing eyes. But Ill never see anyone else, Bella. I only see you. Even when I close my eyes and try to see something else. Ask Quil or Embry. It drives them all crazy.I dropped my eyes to the rocks.We werent walking anymore. The only sound was of the waves beating against the shore. I couldnt hear the rain over their roar. by chance Id better go crustal plate, I utter.No he protested, surprised by this conclusion.I looked up at him again, and his eyes were anxious now.You have the whole day off, right? The sponger wont be home yet.I glared at him.No offense intended, he said quickly.Yes, I have the whole day. But, Jake . . .He held up his hands. Sorry, he justifyd. I wont be like that anymore. Ill just be Jacob.I sighed. But if thats what youre thinking . . .Dont business organization about me, he insisted, smiling with deliberate cheer, too brightly. I know what Im doing. Just tell me if Im disturb you.I dont know. . . .Cmon, Bella. Lets go plunk for to the house and get our bikes. Youve got to ride a motorcycle regularly to lionise it in tune.I really dont think Im allowed.By who? Charlie or the blood or him?Both.Jacob grinned my grin, and he was suddenly the Jacob I missed the most, sunny and warm.I couldnt help grinning back.The rain softene d, turned to mist.I wont tell anyone, he promised.Except every one of your friends.He shook his head soberly and raised his right hand. I promise not to think about it.I laughed. If I get anguish, it was because I tripped.any(prenominal) you say.We rode our motorcycles on the back roads around La Push until the rain make them too bemire and Jacob insisted that he was going to pass out if he didnt eat currently. Billy greeted me easily when we got to the house, as if my sudden reappearance meant nothing more complicated than that Id wanted to spend the day with my friend. After we ate the sandwiches Jacob made, we went out to the garage and I helped him clean up the bikes. I hadnt been here in months since Edward had returned but there was no sense of import to it. It was just another afternoon in the garage.This is nice, I commented when he absorbed the warm sodas from the mart bag. Ive missed this place.He smiled, looking around at the p snuff itic sheds bolted together over our heads. Yeah, I can understand that. All the splendor of the Taj Mahal, without the inconvenience and expense of traveling to India.To Washingtons little Taj Mahal, I toasted, holding up my can.He touched his can to mine.Do you remember stretch forth Valentines Day? I think that was the last time you were here the last time when things were still . . . normal, I mean.I laughed. Of course I remember. I traded a lifetime of servitude for a box of conversation hearts. Thats not something Im likely to forget.He laughed with me. Thats right. Hmm, servitude. Ill have to think of something good. Then he sighed. It feels like it was years ago. Another era. A happier one.I couldnt agree with him. This was my happy era now. But I was surprised to realize how many things I missed from my own personal dark ages. I stared through the opening at the murky forest. The rain had picked up again, but it was warm in the little garage, sitting next to Jacob. He was as good as a furnace. His finge rs brushed my hand. Things have really changed.Yeah, I said, and then I reached out and patted the back tire of my bike. Charlie used to like me. I hope Billy doesnt say anything about today. . . . I bit my lip.He wont. He doesnt get worked up about things the way Charlie does. Hey, I never did apologize officially for that stupid move with the bike. Im real inexorable about ratting you out to Charlie. I wish I hadnt.I rolled my eyes. Me, too.Im really, really sorry.He looked at me hopefully, his wet, tangled black hair sticking up in every direction around his pleading face.Oh, fine Youre dischargen.Thanks, BellsWe grinned at each other for a second, and then his face clouded over.You know that day, when I brought the bike over . . . Ive been wanting to ask you something, he said slowly. But also . . . not wanting to.I held very still a reaction to stress. It was a habit Id picked up from Edward.Were you just being stubborn because you were mad at me, or were you really serious? he whispered.About what? I whispered back, though I was sure I knew what he meant.He glared at me. You know. When you said it was no(prenominal) of my business . . . if if he bit you. He cringed visibly at the end.Jake . . . My throat entangle swollen. I couldnt finish.He closed his eyes and took a deep breath. Were you serious?He was trembling just s light. His eyes stayed closed.Yes, I whispered.Jacob inhaled, slow and deep. I guess I knew that.I stared at his face, waiting for his eyes to open.You know what this will mean? He demanded suddenly. You do understand that, dont you? What will happen if they break the accord?Well leave first, I said in a small voice.His eyes flashed open, their black depths full of anger and pain. There wasnt a geographic limit to the treaty, Bella. Our great-grandfathers only agreed to keep the peace because the Cullens swore that they were different, that humans werent in danger from them. They promised they would never kill or change anyone eve r again. If they go back on their word, the treaty is meaningless, and they are no different than any other vampires. Once thats established, when we find them again -But, Jake, didnt you break the treaty already? I asked, grasping at straws. Wasnt part of it that you not tell people about the vampires? And you told me. So isnt the treaty mannequin of moot, anyhow?Jacob didnt like the reminder the pain in his eyes hardened into animosity. Yeah, I broke the treaty back earlier I believed any of it. And Im sure they were informed of that. He glared acetifyly at my forehead, not meeting my shamed gaze. But its not like that gives them a freebie or anything. Theres no prison-breaking for a fault. They have only one option if they object to what I did. The same option well have when they break the treaty to attack. To start the war.He made it sound so inevitable. I shuddered.Jake, it doesnt have to be that way.His teeth ground together. It is that way.The silence after his declarati on felt very loud.Will you never forgive me, Jacob? I whispered. As soon as I said the wrangle, I wished I hadnt. I didnt want to hear his answer.You wont be Bella anymore, he told me. My friend wont exist. Therell be no one to forgive.That sounds like a no, I whispered.We faced each other for an endless moment.Is this goodbye then, Jake?He blinked rapidly, his fierce expression melting in surprise. Why? We still have a few years. Cant we be friends until were out of time?Years? No, Jake, not years. I shook my head, and laughed once without humor. Weeks is more accurate.I was not expecting his reaction.He was suddenly on his feet, and there was a loud pop as the soda can exploded in his hand. Soda flew everywhere, lush me, like it was spraying from a hose.Jake I started to complain, but I fell silent when I realise that his whole body was quivering with anger. He glared at me wildly, a growling sound building in his chest.I froze in place, too shocked to remember how to move.The s haking rolled through him, getting faster, until it looked like he was vibrating. His shape blurred. . . .And then Jacob gritted his teeth together, and the growling stopped. He squeezed his eyes tight in concentration the quivering slowed until only his hands were shaking.Weeks, Jacob said in a flat monotone.I couldnt respond I was still frozen.He opened his eyes. They were beyond fury now.Hes going to change you into a filthy bloodsucker in just a few weeks Jacob hissed through his teeth.Too stunned to take offense at his words, I just nodded mutely.His face turned green under the russet skin.Of course, Jake, I whispered after a long minute of silence. Hes s in timeteen, Jacob. And I get proximate to nineteen every day. Besides, whats the contingent in waiting? Hes all I want. What else can I do?Id meant that as a rhetorical question.His words cracked like snaps of a whip. Anything. Anything else. Youd be better off dead. Id rather you were.I recoiled like hed slapped me. It hur t worse than if he had.And then, as the pain shot through me, my own temper burst into flame.Maybe youll get lucky, I said bleakly, lurching to my feet. Maybe Ill get hit by a truck on my way back.I grab retire my motorcycle and pushed it out into the rain. He didnt move as I passed him. As soon as I was on the small, muddy path, I climbed on and kicked the bike to life. The rear tire ptyalise a fountain of mud toward the garage, and I hoped that it hit him.I got absolutely soaked as I sped across the slick highway toward the Cullens house. The wind felt like it was freezing the rain against my skin, and my teeth were click before I was halfway there.Motorcycles were too impractical for Washington. I would sell the stupid thing first chance I got.I walked the bike into the Cullens cavernous garage and was unsurprised to find Alice waiting for me, perched lightly on the hood of her Porsche. Alice stroked the glossy yellow paint.I havent even had a chance to drive it. She sighed.Sor ry, I spit through my rattling teeth.You look like you could use a hot essayer, she said, offhand, as she sprang lightly to her feet.Yep.She pursed her lips, taking in my expression carefully. Do you want to talk about it?Nope.She nodded in assent, but her eyes were raging with curiosity.Do you want to go to Olympia tonight?Not really. Cant I go home?She grimaced.Never mind, Alice, I said. Ill stay if it makes things easier for you.Thanks, she sighed in relief.I went to bed early that night, curling up on his sofa again.It was still dark when I woke. I was groggy, but I knew it wasnt near morning yet. My eyes closed, and I stretched, rolling over. It took me a second before I realized that the movement should have dumped me onto the floor. And that I was much too comfortable.I rolled back over, trying to see. It was darker than last night the clouds were too bass for the moon to shine through.Sorry, he murmured so softly that his voice was part of the darkness. I didnt mean to i gnite you.I tensed, waiting for the fury both his and mine but it was only quiet and calm in the darkness of his room. I could almost taste the sweetness of reunion in the air, a separate pleasantness from the perfume of his breath the emptiness when we were apart left its own bitter aftertaste, something I didnt consciously get word until it was removed.There was no friction in the space between us. The stillness was peaceful not like the calm before the tempest, but like a clear night untouched by even the dream of a storm.And I didnt care that I was supposed to be angry with him. I didnt care that I was supposed to be angry with everyone. I reached out for him, found his hands in the darkness, and pulled myself closer to him. His arms encircled me, cradling me to his chest. My lips searched, hunting along his throat, to his chin, till I finally found his lips.Edward kissed me softly for a moment, and then he chuckled.I was all braced for the wrath that was going to put grizz lies to shame, and this is what I get? I should infuriate you more often.Give me a minute to work up to it, I teased, caressing him again.Ill wait as long as you want, he whispered against my lips. His fingers knotted in my hair.My breath was go uneven. Maybe in the morning.Whatever you prefer.Welcome home, I said while his cold lips pressed under my jaw. Im glad you came back.Thats a very good thing.Mmm, I agreed, tightening my arms around his neck.His hand curve around my elbow, moving slowly down my arm, across my ribs and over my waist, tracing along my hip and down my leg, around my knee. He paused there, his hand curling around my calf. He pulled my leg up suddenly, hitching it around his hip.I stopped active. This wasnt the kind of thing he usually allowed. Despite his cold hands, I felt suddenly warm. His lips moved in the hollow at the base of my throat.Not to bring on the ire prematurely, he whispered, but do you mind telling me what it is about this bed that you objec t to?Before I could answer, before I could even concentrate enough to make sense of his words, he rolled to the side, pulling me on top of him. He held my face in his hands, angling it up so that his mouth could reach my throat. My breathing was too loud it was almost embarrassing, but I couldnt care quite enough to be ashamed.The bed? he asked again. I think its nice.Its unnecessary, I managed to gasp.He pulled my face back to his, and my lips shaped themselves around his. slowly this time, he rolled till he hovered over me. He held himself carefully so that I felt none of his weight, but I could feel the cool marble of his body press against mine. My heart was cock so loudly that it was hard to hear his quiet laughter.Thats debatable, he disagreed. This would be difficult on a couch.Cold as ice, his tongue lightly traced the shape of my lips.My head was spinning the air was coming too fast and shallow.Did you change your mind? I asked breathlessly. Maybe hed rethought all his c areful rules. Maybe there was more significance to this bed than Id originally guessed. My heart pounded almost painfully as I waited for his answer.Edward sighed, rolling back so that we were on our sides again.Dont be ridiculous, Bella, he said, disapproval strong in his voice clearly, he dumb what I meant. I was just trying to illustrate the benefits of the bed you dont seem to like. Dont get carried away.Too late, I muttered. And I like the bed, I added.Good. I could hear the smile in his voice as he kissed my forehead. I do, too.But I still think its unnecessary, I continued. If were not going to get carried away, whats the point?He sighed again. For the hundredth time, Bella its too dangerous.I like danger, I insisted.I know. There was a sour edge to his voice, and I realized that he would have seen the motorcycle in the garage.Ill tell you whats dangerous, I said quickly, before he could move to a new topic of discussion. Im going to spontaneously combust one of these days and youll have no one but yourself to blame.He started to push me away.What are you doing? I objected, clinging to him. defend you from combustion. If this too much for you. . . .I can handle it, I insisted.He permit me worm myself back into the circle of his arms.Im sorry I gave you the wrong impression, he said. I didnt mean to make you unhappy. That wasnt nice.Actually, it was very, very nice.He took a deep breath. Arent you tired? I should let you sleep.No, Im not. I dont mind if you want to give me the wrong impression again.Thats probably a bad idea. Youre not the only one who gets carried away.Yes, I am, I grumbled.He chuckled. You have no idea, Bella. It doesnt help that you are so eager to undermine my self- control, either.Im not going to apologize for that.Can I apologize?For what?You were angry with me, remember?Oh, that.Im sorry. I was wrong. Its much easier to have the proper spot when I have you safely here.His arms tightened around me. I go a little demoniacal w hen I try to leave you. I dont think Ill go so far again. Its not worth it.I smiled. Didnt you find any mountain lions?Yes, I did, actually. Still not worth the anxiety. Im sorry I had Alice hold you hostage, though. That was a bad idea.Yes, I agreed.I wont do it again.Okay, I said easily. He was already forgiven. But slumber parties do have their advantages. . . . I curled myself closer to him, pressing my lips into the indentation over his collarbone. You can hold me hostage any time you want.Mmm, he sighed. I may take you up on that.So is it my turn now?Your turn? his voice was confused.To apologize.What do you have to apologize for?Arent you mad at me? I asked blankly.No.It sounded like he really meant it.I felt my eyebrows pull together. Didnt you see Alice when you got home?Yes why?Are you going to take her Porsche back?Of course not. It was a gift.I wished I could see his expression. His voice sounded as if Id insulted him.Dont you want to know what I did? I asked, starting to be pose by his apparent lack of concern.I felt him shrug. Im always interested in everything you do but you dont have to tell me unless you want to.But I went to La Push.I know.And I ditched school.So did I.I stared toward the sound of his voice, tracing his features with my fingers, trying to understand his mood.Where did all this tolerance come from? I demanded.He sighed.I decided that you were right. My problem before was more about my . . . prejudice against werewolves than anything else. Im going to try to be more reasonable and trust your judgment. If you say its safe, then Ill believe you.Wow.And . . . most importantly . . . Im not willing to let this drive a wedge between us.I rested my head against his chest and closed my eyes, tout ensemble content.So, he murmured in a casual tone. Did you make plans to go back to La Push again soon?I didnt answer. His question brought back the memory of Jacobs words, and my throat was suddenly tight.He misread my silence and the ten sion in my body.Just so that I can make my own plans, he explained quickly. I dont want you to feel like you have to hurry back because Im sitting around waiting for you.No, I said in a voice that sounded strange to me. I dont have plans go back.Oh. You dont have to do that for me.I dont think Im welcome anymore, I whispered.Did you run over someones cat? he asked lightly. I knew he didnt want to force the story out of me, but I could hear the curiosity burning cigarette his words.No. I took a deep breath, and then mumbled quickly through the explanation. I thought Jacob would have realized . . . I didnt think it would surprise him.Edward waited while I hesitated.He wasnt expecting . . . that it was so soon.Ah, Edward said quietly.He said hed rather see me dead. My voice broke on the last word.Edward was too still for a moment, controlling whatever reaction he didnt want me to see.Then he crushed me gently to his chest. Im so sorry.I thought youd be glad, I whispered.Glad over some thing thats hurt you? he murmured into my hair. I dont think so, Bella.I sighed and relaxed, fitting myself to the stone shape of him. But he was motionless again, tense.Whats wrong? I asked.Its nothing.You can tell me.He paused for a minute. It might make you angry.I still want to know.He sighed. I could quite literally kill him for saying that to you. I want to.I laughed halfheartedly. I guess its a good thing youve got so much self-control.I could slip. His tone was thoughtful.If youre going to have a retrogression in control, I can think of a better place for it. I reached for his face, trying to pull myself up to kiss him. His arms held me tighter, restraining.He sighed. Must I always be the responsible one?I grinned in the darkness. No. Let me be in charge of responsibility for a few minutes . . . or hours.Goodnight, Bella.Wait there was something else I wanted to ask you about.Whats that?I was talking to Rosalie last night. . . .His body tensed again. Yes. She was thinking about that when I got in. She gave you quite a lot to consider, didnt she?His voice was anxious, and I realized that he thought I wanted to talk about the reasons Rosalied given me for staying human. But I was interested in something much more pressing.She told me a little bit . . . about the time your family lived in Denali.There was a short pause this beginning took him by surprise. Yes?She mentioned something about a bunch of womanly vampires . . . and you.He didnt answer, though I waited for a long moment.Dont worry, I said, after the silence had grown uncomfortable. She told me you didnt . . . show any preference. But I was just wondering, you know, if any of them had. Shown a preference for you, I mean.Again he said nothing.Which one? I asked, trying to keep my voice casual, and not quite managing. Or was there more than one?No answer. I wished I could see his face, so I could try to guess what this silence meant.Alice will tell me, I said. Ill go ask her right now.His arms t ightened I was unavailing to squirm even an inch away.Its late, he said. His voice had a little edge to it that was something new. Sort of nervous, perchance a little embarrassed. Besides, I think Alice stepped out. . . .Its bad, I guessed. Its really bad, isnt it? I started to panic, my heart accelerating as I imagined the gorgeous immortal rival Id never realized I had.Calm down, Bella, he said, kissing the baksheesh of my nose. Youre being absurd.Am I? Then why wont you tell me?Because theres nothing to tell. Youre blowing this wildly out of proportion.Which one? I insisted.He sighed. Tanya expressed a little interest. I let her know, in a very courteous, gentlemanly fashion, that I did not return that interest. End of story.I kept my voice as even as possible. Tell me something what does Tanya look like?Just like the rest of us white skin, fortunate eyes, he answered too quickly.And, of course, extraordinarily beautiful.I felt him shrug.I suppose, to human eyes, he said, i ndifferent. You know what, though?What? My voice was petulant.He put his lips right to my ear his cold breath tickled. I prefer brunettes.Shes a blonde. That figures.Strawberry blonde not at all my type.I thought about that for a while, trying to concentrate as his lips moved slowly along my cheek, down my throat, and back up again. He made the circuit three times before I spoke.I guess thats okay, then, I decided.Hmm, he whispered against my skin. Youre quite adorable when youre jealous. Its surprisingly enjoyable.I scowled into the darkness.Its late, he said again, murmuring, almost crooning now, his voice ironed than silk. Sleep, my Bella. Dream happy dreams. You are the only one who has ever touched my heart. It will always be yours. Sleep, my only love.He started to hum my lullaby, and I knew it was only a matter of time till I succumbed, so I closed my eyes and snuggled closer into his chest.